Many employers do not properly report or misclassify the compensation paid to individuals for labor performed for their business. Due to a recent Uber court case holding cab drivers to be employees, the recent doubling and tripling of penalties for non-filed W-2’s and 1099’s, as well as employer attempts to reclassify W-2 employees as independent contractors to avoid the 50 employee threshold for health insurance, it is important for a business owner to be aware of the laws.
In late June 2015, Congress dramatically increased the penalties for late filed, mistaken and unfiled Forms W-2 and 1099’s. In most cases the penalty is now $250 for each problem with maximum penalties of up to $1.5 million! If you combine this penalty per form with payroll tax penalties exceeding 100% for misclassified employees you can clearly see that Congress is serious about addressing misclassified employees, and the IRS is stepping up its enforcement actions. Many employers incorrectly classify employees as independent contractors, and as a result of this dramatic penalty increase you should understand the rules, and also provide a potential solution to past problems. You need to take the advice of tax professionals on this issue rather than the advice of business associates and friends, a very common additional problem.
The IRS uses a 3-factor system to determine if an individual is an employee or an independent contractor: behavioral control, financial control, and a relationship test. If the employer misclassifies an individual as an independent contractor when they are actually a W-2 employee, all of the previously mentioned penalties may apply for both the current and previous years.
The behavioral test focuses on whether the company controls or has the right to control what the worker does and how to do the job, such as when to come to and leave work, how to do the job, break periods and more. If as a company you control the individual, the worker is an employee. This includes instructions about competing, performing the work, evaluation criteria and training.
The financial test looks at who controls the economics of the worker’s job. Factors favoring employee status include payment on a regular timely basis (such as weekly), eligibility for reimbursement of travel costs and payment based on hours worked. Providing your own tools needed for the job is indicative of independent contractor status, as is being able to work for more than one firm. Tools do not just include hammers and nails, but cell phones, computers, and other items that help an individual do their job. If as a company you provide these financial benefits, the worker is an employee, not an independent contractor.
The type-of-relationship test looks at evidence of an employer-employee situation including giving paid time off, fringe and retirement benefits, as well as hiring the worker to render services indefinitely rather than for a specific project. A written contract stating that the worker will be treated as an independent contractor is not the key factor!
Because the penalties are so severe, it is recommended that you examine your relationship with any individual receiving a 1099. If they have been incorrectly classified you will have a major financial problem when the IRS comes calling. Fortunately there is a program that can solve the problem for the past and the future, known as the Voluntary Classification Settlement Program or VCSP. A tax professional can complete the forms necessary to utilize this special program.
Under this program the employer identifies those people that have been mistakenly classified as independent contractors in the past, promises to treat them as W-2 employees in the future, and pays a small 10% penalty on the employment taxes that should have been paid in the prior year. This program then provides protection and peace of mind for the employer for the future, but it needs to be submitted before the IRS letter comes.
If you have questions or need tax assistance, you can contact Shauna Wortinger, CPA at [email protected]
Information taken from TaxSpeaker
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